A Beginner's Guide to Video for the IPod

It seems like everyone and his brother received an iPod for Christmas this holiday season. For the last month, my blog has gotten almost double the number of hits it usually gets, and I'm almost positive this is because of the two articles I wrote (here and here) about the Video iPod. Those articles are long and somewhat technical at times, so for new Video iPod owners they might be a little overwhelming.

Because Apple wasn't sure how well their new video features would go over, they didn't put a whole lot of effort into making it easy for people to learn how to put videos on their new toys. They also started with so few titles in their own store, that most people would naturally be quickly seeking ways of getting additional content from elsewhere. Really, all Apple was telling people was to buy an additional piece of software called QuickTime Pro.  This has changed recently, but it can still be confusing for new iPod owners who expect to be able to just go home and click on the "put DVD movie on iPod" button.  Of course there is no such button and you still can't do this sort of thing with the ease that you can add a  music CD's to your iPod. 

This all gave me the idea to compose yet another article about the Video iPod, but this one would be geared more towards people who were new to the iPod, to the world of digital video, or to both. You may even have some technical expertise, but this article should hopefully at least give you a real run down on what kind of options you have for getting video on your iPod.

I urge you to also read some additionl material that will really reduce your frustrations with your new iPod.  Because Apple has a reputation for making things as easy as possible, they often don't put information about how to do things they deem too "advanced" into the paltry manual that's included with their product.  While this is good for our trees, and perhaps a fair decision considering a lot of people won't read manuals anyway, it often means that when people do want to do things that aren't quite basic, they get lost.  Well, luckily, there are plenty of places where you can get information online, so I thought I'd mention just a few.

Ilounge.com: this is a great place for information about iPods, an incredibly extensive collection of iPod accessory reviews, and a very active forum of users, some of whom are very knowledgeable (much more than me!) and are very willing to help those new to the iPod.

Apple iPod Yahoo! Group: If you're more comfortable with an email list than a bulletin board, than the Apple iPod Yahoo! Group has some great information and users willing to help (including myself).  One of the resident experts is a guy named Kirk McElhearn, who's written a number of computer books, including a bunch on the Mac and the iPod.

Apple: Apple has a great support site for the iPod with answers to frequently asked questions, forums, and a special area called iPod 101 which has some great tutorials for beginners which go into a lot more detail then their manual.

But lets get back to Video, shall we?  Where to begin?  Probably the thing that comes to mind before even thinking about the iPod itself should be "what kind of video am I going to put on my iPod and where will I get it?"  It's a very basic first question that probably most of us don't think about because we already have a specific source of video in mind.  Even so, many people may also be unaware of some other kinds of video that may prove as valuable as the one they did have in mind! There are at least four major places to look for video that I can think of:

Where to Get Video

1. DVD's: the source probably most people think of first is that of their own DVD library. You can't simply tell iTunes to take your DVD and put it on your iPod. You need additional pieces (or piece) of software.
   


2. Home Video: probably the second most obvious source is video that you've shot yourself via a camcorder. You will probably need to convert this into a format that's compatible with the iPod. 
   


3. Online: Not quite as obvious is video you might find on the Internet. Ok, one of these is very obvious (iTunes), but the rest may not be:
      
   
   
   
   1. iTunes: the iTunes Music Store (which you can get to only through the iTunes program that came with your iPod) has a growing collection of TV shows ranging from really old ones to currently running ones, all selling at $2 a pop. It even has some free videos - short clips from Saturday Night Live, previews, short featurettes akin to what you might see on a DVD, etc. So far, there are no feature-length movies, but I have no doubt that these will come at some point. None of the iTunes video content require any real additional work other than making the purchase transaction and waiting as your file gets downloaded to your computer.
      
   
   
   2. File Sharing: there are certainly ways you can download copyrighted material illegally off the Internet. The entertainment industry, as it's done before, is bungling yet another paradigm shift to online media.  The can't think  creatively about how to work with this new world, but instead want to impose their old rules which just don't work here.  Eventually they will catch up, but in the mean time, they are forcing many people to illegally download material because they aren't providing a legal (or affordable) way to get it legally.  While we can all disagree on what should and shouldn't be legal, I'm not going to suggest that you do anything that is obviously not legal, like downloading a movie that you've never paid for legally, and which you could easily do by buying the DVD or even renting it. 
      
   
   
   3. Free Stuff: Why limit yourself (and put yourself in legal jeopardy) by downloading illegal material when there's plenty of perfectly legal stuff out there? This massive amount of free video can be found primarily as:
      
      
      
      
      
      1. Video Podcasts: if you haven't heard of "podcasts" you may have been living under a rock for the last year. Podcasts started out as just audio, but now come in video as well. They are basically just audio or video files that are hosted online for people to download. However, they usually are not just isolated single files, but an ongoing "show" that comes out at some regular interval and which you can, with the help of software like iTunes, subscribe to so that they are automatically downloaded and then transferred to your iPod whenever you plug it in. This makes the process of getting new episodes to watch something that doesn't require any additional work after the initial setup. As I said, iTunes lets you subscribe to podcasts (just choose the "Podcasts" genre within the iTunes Music Store), and there are a bunch of other podcast applications out there as well. While not all of these video podcasts will play on an iPod without conversion, I think more and more are being offered in iPod-compatible formats.
         
      
      
      2. Public Domain: this content includes old movies and TV shows which have gone into the public domain mainly due to their copyright having run out, although some may have simply been offered to the public domain to start with or as a gift to the public way before the copyright would have expired. You can download these from the site Archive.org. There may be other online sources, but Archive.org is definitely the biggest.
         
      
      
      3. And More: there are still other sources of free content which aren't podcasts and also aren't on Archive.org. These include Google Video (here's Google's instructions on downloading video for your iPod) , and various other sources. There are at least a couple of websites that  provide an ongoing list of new sources of video specifically made for the iPod which are very helpful: freeipodvideos.org and podguide.tv.
         
      
      
      
      
   
   
   
   


4. TiVo: yes, you can take the programs that you've recorded on your TiVo and transfer them to your iPod. Currently this isn't supported by TiVo, although they have stated that they are planning to offer this functionality soon. In the mean time, there's a third-party application that claims to do this from TVHarmony.com. I tried it, but it seemed to go so slowly that it would have taken many, many hours to convert just a 30-minute video, so something must have been wrong. Whether you use this or an upcoming TiVo product, you still have to get your video from your TiVo box to your computer, and that can sometimes be a slow process depending on what kind of setup you have. If you have a different DVR than a TiVo, in particular one made by a Cable or Satellite provider, chances are you won't be able to convert video programs on it to your iPod. This may change, but for now you can't do it as far as I know. Some of these companies have stated that they will be creating the ability to put the video on a portable device, but that device is not the iPod.

Adding Video to your iPod

Ok, so you've gotten your video that hopefully is in iPod-compatible format (if not we'll deal with that later), but now it's still just on your computer, you need to actually get it onto your iPod. While this is an easy task for anyone who's owned an iPod before, for new iPod owners it may not be. If you buy videos (or download some of the free ones) off of the iTunes Music Store, then you don't really need to worry - they are automatically added to your iTunes library and transferred to your iPod the next time you connect it to your computer. The same should hold true if you subscribe to a video podcast via iTunes.

If you've gotten a video from somewhere else, though, you will need to add it to your iTunes library. First, open iTunes if its not already open. Then in the File menu, choose "Add File to Library." This will open up a dialog box that will let you browse through your computer's file system so that you can locate that video file. Once you find it, select it and hit the Open button, and the file should then appear in your iTunes library.

There are a couple ways to look at your videos.  One is via the "Videos" area in the "source" menu on the upper right:

If you don't see such a menu item, than you may have it turned off in iTunes.  To make it visible, Choose Preferences from the Edit menu, click on the "General" tab, which is the first, leftmost tab on the window that comes up, and make sure there's a checkmark next to "Videos":

Clicking on the "Videos" in the Source  menu brings up a special page with a black background and thumbnail images representing the first second in each of the video clips, their title, and their duration (see screen capture above).  Unfortunately, when iTunes displays this page, it needs to look inside each video clip to grab that thumbnail, and so it can take some time, especially if your computer isn't the fastest and/or you have more than a handful of videos.  Personally, I like to use the regular iTunes Library listing.  You can see a lot more information, like when the video was added to your library, a rating if you've made one for it, comments, etc.  However, if you have a ton of music on your iPod, you may not see the video file that you've just added right away in your library, let alone others that you've added before. A good way to filter your library to only show videos is by activating the search bar in iTunes. You do this by selecting "Show Search Bar" in the edit menu. If you only see the option "Hide Search Bar" that means the search bar is already visible. Here's what it looks like:

Just click on the "Videos" and you will only see the videos in your library – this is a good way to keep track of these files if you have hundreds or thousands of music or audio book files on your iPod and don't want to keep scrolling through these to find your videos.

Once these files are listed in your iTunes library, they will be transferred the next time you plug in your iPod. However, if the video isn't compatible, you will get a warning from iTunes when it's transferring to the iPod, which brings us to our next subject:


Video Compatibility

The iPod can't simply play any old video file. Just as you can't play a tape in a CD player, there are different file "formats" for video, and not all are compatible with the iPod. The iPod will only play a couple of different types of video file formats. They are both types of the file format known as MPEG4. One is called H.264 (also known as "AVC" or "Part 10"), and the other is sometimes just called "MPEG4," but to be more exact should be called "MPEG4 Simple Profile" or just "MPEG4 SP." If you look at the actual file, you might see a file extension (a few letters/numbers after the main file name) of ".AVI" or "WMV" or ".MP4" or ".M4V" or ".MOV." Only the last three are possibly (but not always) compatible with the iPod. Even if the file is in H.264 or MPEG4 SP, it won't necessarily play on the iPod. There are some other settings within the video file that may not allow for this.

So how do you deal with this issue of compatibility? First of all, you can avoid it completely by using video content that has been made specifically for the iPod, downloaded from the iPod Music Store, and other places online. If you can't find video that is already in iPod Format, however, you can actually convert it, which can be easy or hard depending on the tool you use, and perhaps a bit of luck. In order to convert video into an iPod-compatible format from a non-compatible one, you need to use at least one of a number of different programs:

Converting Video

Video clips are a bit more straightforward than convernting DVD's, so lets go over these first. There are a few free options as well as many that will cost you, but usually not a very large sum.

Free Options
iTunes	This is a very new option as of this writing. Just last week, Apple came out with a new version of the free iTunes program (version 6.0.2), that I believe uses the same conversion engine that's in their $30 QuickTime Pro application. Pros: it's free, it's integrated into iTunes so you don't have to run a separate program, and it's very simple – you just add the video file to your iTunes library, then choose "Convert Selection For iPod" in the Advanced menu. Cons: it takes a very long time compared to other methods and it's not as flexible. For a 14-minute video I tried, it took about an hour and a half. If you extrapolate this out, converting one 2-hour movie would take around 12 hours! It also doesn't let you control how your video is converted. *
Videora	Videora iPod Converter is the other free application that until last week was the only option for Windows PC users if you didn't want to pay to convert. Pros: it's very flexible, and it's free. You can tell it how to convert your files in many ways – by the screen dimensions, the frame rate, the quality/size (bit rate), even what kind of audio quality you want along with the video. In addition, you can queue up a series of files you want to convert without having to come back to your computer after each is done. It also can convert files in a much shorter time than iTunes or Quicktime Pro – as low as around 15 minutes or so for a 14-minute video. Cons: the major downside to Videora is that it is not particularly easy to use. It's free and the people who created it haven't come out with a new version for over two months. It's beta software, which means not all the bugs or user interface design issues have been worked out, and while they have a very useful discussion forum, it's the fellow users who provide the answers, not the programmers, so they can only guess at some things, and of course can't make fixes to the actual software. There is no real official support. If you are not afraid of spending some time trying to figure things out, it's perfectly usable, but you will probably have to look through the discussion forums a lot as you run into inevitable problems. I've also posted a couple of entries (here and here) myself that go into a fair amount of detail about converting using Videora that might be helpful.
ffmpegX	ffmpegX is a UNIX application that was ported to Mac OSX (which is a varant of UNIX).  While it may be more streightforward than the typical UNIX command-line application, it may not be as simple as many other programs made for the Mac.  Since I don't own a Mac, I can't really speak to how simple this is to use or how well it works, but the engine it uses is used by many of these other converters Windows.  If you are a Mac user and have used this, some feedback would be great!
iSquint	Another free Mac converter, iSquint looks like it will give you a lot of recommendations and hand-holding, but still let you tweak settings if you need to.  Since I don't have a Mac, I couldn't evaluate it directly, but it seems to be the preferred converter out there for Macs.  If anyone has used it, feedback would be great
3gp Converter	3gp Converter is a free Windows program that I don't think tons of people use or even know about.  It apparently is developed by a developer or group of developers in Japan.  They don't have an English language site, but here's a Google-translated site which you might be able to at least glean a little from.  Fortunately the program itself does have different language versions and there's a simple but good tutuorial on how to use it here.  The program itself is very simple.  You just drag your video file onto it, and it converts it.  It lets you pick a few different options in terms of bit rate settings, that yield a H.264 variations, and one high-quality, high resolution MPEG4 SP version suitable for outputting to TV.  It converted all the video files I through at it, but I didn't test every conceivable file, so their could be ones that it still has problems with.  Still, for a free program, there's no reason not to use this one until (or if) you run into problems.  The one problem I did encounter was that it doesn't seem to be able to format widescreen videos properly.  There are no options for dealing with different aspect ratios, so it just stuffs everything into the same standard dimensions, so widescreen movies get squeezed and so look wrong. Maybe a new version will deal with this (the developer seems to come out with a new version somewhat regularly, although the last version was almost two months ago), and looking at their configuration files, one might just be able to change the resolutions there, but that would mean some extra work that detracts from the simplicity of this program. I would say, though, that for programs that are not widescreen, this is by far the easiest program I've used, albeit with few ways to customize the output.  But if you're looking for something that requires no learning curve and still gives you more output options than iTunes and does it several times faster, this is probably your best bet.  It also happens to be one of only two programs (the other being iTunes) out of all of these (shareware and commercial ones included), that automatically adds the video to your iTunes library.
Nero Recode	I know that a number of people have gotten this Windows application to work, but I could not.  Nero Recode is one of the many products within the collection of products branded as Nero.  Initially I was confused about this and thought you could only use it if you bought the commercial product called Nero Ultra.  That includes Nero Recode, but you can also download Nero Recode for free.  In any case, I was able to convert files that would play through iTunes, but no matter how careful I was to customize these according to the settings that I knew would work on the iPod, these videos would not transfer.  So, while you might be able to get this to work for you if you work at it, it's probably not going to be easy for the beginner.  It lets you see a lot of information and particularly for DVD conversions (you still need a seperate program to remove a copy-protected DVD's encryption - see below), it looks like it would be very useful as far as picking a given audio track, subtitles, etc.

* What does this mean and why would you care? When converting a video file, just like when converting an audio file, you can make the end product smaller (so that you can fit more on your iPod). This size goes hand in hand with the quality of the video and is expressed as a measurement of "bit rate." The higher the bit rate, the higher the quality and the bigger the file (and the longer the conversion will take to some extent).  In addition to how small you make the file itself, you can also change the actual dimensions of the video as seen on the screen. ITunes just converts everything to the exact dimensions of the iPod's screen, which is 320x240 pixels. In most cases, that's fine, but if you ever want to be able to show these videos on a TV (or your computer), the small dimensions blown up to a 19" Monitor or 27" TV will not look good at all! More ondisplaying your video from your iPod to your TV below.

Of course, you don't have to go with the free options at all. Even if you are on a budget, most of the options that cost money are only around $30, and hey, you spent $300-400 for that iPod and probably a bunch more for a case and/or some other accessories, right? So what's another $30 for a program that will do all your video conversion chores? These are all Windows programs - I've yet to see any for the Mac that aren't free except for Quicktime Pro which is now somewhat irrelevant now that iTunes can do the same conversions it can

The problem really is in choosing the right one of these programs for you. There are a growing number of these programs and probably a lot of similarity between them.  I've tried out a bunch of these to test them, but haven't spent nearly the time on them that I have with Videora, so my personal recommendation would actually be to read these micro reviews and then download and try out the ones that sound good to you (or all of them for that matter), since they all have trial versions for free download.  Those trial versions have limitations that make them unusable or at least very impractical for anything but testing purposes, but they will give you a good idea about how easy they are to use and how well they work..  

Options at an Added Price
PQDVD	PQ DVD to iPod Video Converter is the application that I seem to hear mentioned about most online, probably because it also lets you record DVD's (see below).  You can convert many different types of video files with it and specify quality/size (bit rate) settings, dimensions of the screen, whether you want to crop or stretch the image to fill more/less of the iPod's (or your TV's) screen, etc.  It makes many of these options fairly easy to understand in a graphical, uncluttered way, and the conversion (as with most of these non-free programs), is pretty quick. However, PQDVD doesn't have quite the flexibility of some of the others.  Basically you sacrifice some flexibility for ease-of-use.	$35
Cucusoft	Cucusoft iPod Video Converter is more flexible in some ways than PQDVD, as it lets you specify the type of encoding you want to use (similar to Videora).  But unlike Videora, it also gives you recommendations for the best choice of settings and also gives you more information about how various settings will affect your final video. Cucusoft also, like Videora, has a batch feature so that you can give it multiple files and then let it run for a long time without the need to come back and tell it to convert each and every one.  Unfortunately Cucusoft was the only program of the ones here that I got to work in the first place which didn't automatically determine the correct dimensions for the widescreen video I fed it, so this means a bit more work in figuring that out for different videos.	$29
Xilisoft	Xilisoft iPod Video Converter lets you customize settings, but doesn't give you much help in this area.  There are pull-down lists of possible settings, but many of these have just one option, and so if you don't like it, you have to type in your own.  If you don't know what you're doing, this could very easily create files that aren't compatible in some way with the iPod.  So it seems that it doesn't provide much in the way of ease-of-use. To me, this seems the closest program in some ways to the free Videora, except that it doesn't allow the user to set up different profiles for different types of convesions, and it costs $30. I attempted to convert a test .avi file (which converted fine on all the other products), but the end result couldn't even be added to my iTunes library, let alone to the iPod.  This was using the default settings for the program.  Perhaps I needed to change them, but the point is here that this is not a program for beginners so I'm not sure why anyone would pay $30 for it when a similarly difficult program is available for free.	$29
ImTOO	I'm not sure which of these programs came first, but it appears that ImTOO is just a rebranding of Xilisoft or visa versa.  The prices for each of the conversion programs, the dvd-ripping programs, and the bundles are identical.  And if you look at the screenshots of Xilisoft and of ImTOO, and you will see they are also virtually identical!	$29
WinAVI	WinAVI 3GB/MP4/PSP/iPod Video Converter (maybe they need to come up with a catchier name?) has some interesting features which I'm not sure I'd use, like being able to flip the image upside down and soften it.  (What I'd really like to see is something that would increase the brightness of an image since some darker videos are difficult to see if you have a protective screen that produces glare and you're not in a dark room.) WinAVI lets you control the dimensions of the video and the bit rate settings, although the numbers they use seem not to coincide with what the standard bit rate options are.  It will also let you split the output file into multiple files, or merge multiple input files into one output file.  I'm not sure what I would use those for, but I know some people have uses for these features. A batch mode also adds to the functionality.	$25
AVOne	AVOne iPod Video Converter seems the least polished of any of these programs.  First of all, it took much longer to convert the file.  It's batch feature doesn't seem to work.  It has only a few built-in profile setups, and while it lets you create your own profiles with many settings options, it gives you absolutely no help in figuring out what those settings should be.  Finally, after a couple of tries of specifying exactly where I wanted my output file to be saved, after converting (which took a lot longer than the other programs), I simply could not locate any output file on my computer.	$25
Total Video Recorder	Total Video Recorder is the most expensive converter.  It is fairly easy to use and understand, and has a lot of customization features if you want to tweak things.  Unfortunately, while it was able to convert some video files, it was unable to convert one that I had downloaded from a digital camcorder.  The other programs didn't have such a problem, except for Videora which also couldn't convert it.  The resulting file when played in iTunes was covered with green and red blocks constantly moving.  At first I thought this was feature that prevented one from using a trial version for real use, but after converting another file that wasn't from my video camera, it played fine in iTunes.  I was able to transfer both files to my iPod.  So far so good, except when I tried to play either one, not only did the iPod not play the files, but playing them actually caused the iPod to reset!   I did not use any special settings for these conversions, so while there may be some ways to avoid these problems, it's another case of a program that takes a lot of extra work.  While I didn't mind this extra work for a free program like Videora, it seems a bit too much when paying $45!  Some people have no problem with this program, so, as I stated at the beginning, you might want to try it out - even though I didn't get it working doesn't mean you might not have great luck with it.	$45

Once you convert your video to an iPod-compatible format, you still need to add them to your iTunes library in order to have them transferred to your iPod, so check out the section about doing this above.

ITunes to iPod

As I mentioned above, if your video isn't compatible with the iPod, it won't transfer to it even if you've been able to add it to iTunes and even if iTunes can play your video.  iTunes can play many kinds of video files, but as I've detailed above, the iPod has a lot more limitations.  However, there does appear to be a problem that some people have run into when trying to transfer video to their iPod even when it is compatible.  That problem is in a setting in iTunes that turns off automatic transfers of videos.  Some people have suggested that this is actually the default setting, so I would recommend also double-checking that you have this set correctly.  You will need to first plug your iPod into your computer, and when your computer recognizes the iPod, choose Preferences from the Edit menu.  Then go to the iPod tab, which is the second from the left.  Here make sure that the topmost "Automatically update all videos" is selected:

Note that this only applies to those who have their iTunes set to automatically synch their files. If you have it set for manual transfer, then this tab will be disabled. In this case, like with music files, you just have to drag the video file from your iTunes library onto the iPod icon in iTunes in order to transfer a video to it.

DVD's

For DVD's, it can be a little more complicated than converting a video clip that you download off the Internet from one of the free sources I've mentioned, or via the iTunes Music Store. DVD's were never meant to be converted or copied. They contain an encryption scheme called CSS (Content Scrambling System) that is supposed to prevent this. Within just a couple of years after DVD's hit the market, though, CSS was cracked and this crack, known as DeCSS, became widely available on the net both as pure code, as well as parts of numerous programs designed to allow the average user to "decrypt" their DVD's. Depending on which country you live in, these programs may or may not be legal to use. The whole issue of legality is very confusing. On the one hand, in the U.S., "fair use" seems to dictate that one should be able to freely make backup copies of a DVD you own for personal use. On the other hand, part of the Digital Milenium Copyright Act specifically forbids compromising the copy-protection for a DVD. There are numerous court cases that are trying to determine exactly what is legal and what isn't, but in the mean time, such programs are available and being used ubiquitously, making things that much more uncertain.

In any case, in order to put your DVD's into an iPod compatible format, you will need to transfer the file to your hard drive, remove the encryption, and then finally convert it to a format that's compatible with the iPod. This can require one or two different programs depending on what kind of functional is included.  Again, there are both free ones and ones that have a price tag:

Free Options
DVD Decryptor	The developers of this Windows application were forced to remove it and they were eventually bought by Macrovision.  One can find the application on the net, but it's legality is in question.  It will allow you to break the encoding of a DVD and transfer it to your hard drive, after which various conversion applications can be used to make it iPod-compatible.  Videora has a tutorial on their site on how to use it to create the inital file.  Be forwarned, though, this is not a program designed with ease-of-use in mind.	$0
DVDFab Decryptor	DVDFab Decrypter is another program that's similar to DVD DecrypterThis is another program similar to DVD Decryptor but with a simpler infterface.  It copies the files from the DVD to one's hard drive and removes the encryption in the process. Just note that it, like DVD Decrypter, will not create a file that is iPod compatible. You will still need to convert it using one of the programs listed above.	$0
Fair Use Wizard LE	This Windows application takes a slightly more user-friendly approach than DVD Decrypter, guding you through the process of converting your DVD a little more.  But it's also different in that it doesn't just decrypt, but decrypts and converts to an xVid format video file.  This process itseld could take a couple of hours, and then on top of this you will have to reconvert it to an iPod-compatible format.  The same site has a $20 program that will supposedly convert to iPod-compatible formats (see below).	$0
HandBrake	HandBrake is the one free Mac option that will remove the encryption on a DVD and save the resulting file to your hard drive.  Since I don't own a Mac, I couldn't evaluate this myself, but if anyone does own this, feedback would be great.	$0
Options at an Added Price
AnyDVD	This Windows Application will remove the encryption from a DVD, after which you will need another program to convert it to an iPod-compatible format.  At first I thought it might be more of a wizard than DVD Decrypter, but really what it's meant to do is to do the decryption transparently.  That way you can tell a conversion program to look at one of the files on the DVD itself, or maybe  you still need to copy it to your hard drive, but the decryption happens as you copy.  The problem is that there's no good way of figuring out what files are for what on the DVD.  Sure some may be simple if there's only one file or a few with similar names, but that's not always the case.  For some movies, you have many files each representing a different chapter.  On DVD's of TV episodes, you can have one or more files representing each episode	$39
PQDVD	Yes, I already mentioned PQDVD above, but it also will let you convert DVD's.  However, I'm not sure if it actually removes the encryption from DVD's like some of these other programs, but rather streams the dvd video at faster than normal speed and somehow "captures" it and converts it on the fly.  You will actually see the DVD playing while it's converting.  I'm not sure if I was simply doing something wrong or if my system did not have enough free memory or processor speed, but while it did convert a small clip for me successfully, when I played it back both in iTunes as well as on my iPod, the audio was badly distorted.	$35
Cucusoft	Cucusoft also makes a DVD to iPod Converter for Windows which seems to work very similarly to PQDVD, but gives the advanced user more access to custom settings.  Of course many of these settings will be meaningless if you are at all a beginner at this stuff.  I also experienced the same audio distorions with this product as with PQDVD, so chances are it's a problem with audio on my computer.  The other thing I could not figure out with this program was how to limit the program to just a specified length of time.  This would be helpful for recording a bunch of TV episodes on a DVD into seperate files (especially if these are not seperated into seperate files on the DVD), but it doesn't seem like there's any easy way to do this here, whereas in PQDVD, one can scroll through to find exactly where one episode ends and another begins, and then you can specify when you want the start of the recording and the end to be.	$30
Xilisoft	Xilisoft makes a DVD to iPod Converter for Windows as well, and it seems to work in a similar way as the previous two.  Unfortunately I could not get it to work at all.  Others I know have been able to get it to work, and I know there have been some complaints concerning audio syncing.  But without even being able to record anything myself, it's impossible for me to say much about this tool.	$29
Fair Use Wizard	Fair Use Wizard also offers a "Full Edition" that provides some additional features.  Whether those features are worth it, I'm not sure, and there's no way to try them out, since the Lite edition is the only one you can download from their site without actually paying.  However, from what I can tell from the Lite Edition, it has some option for iPod Video, so it might be useful as an all-in-one DVD conversion tool.	$20
Total Video Recorder	Total Video Recorder also has a DVD recording facility that works somewhat like PQDVD and CUCUSoft, except that it doesn't actually play the DVD while recording, at least not in a way that's visible to you.  It offers a good deal of flexibility and it's pretty easy and straightforward.  Unlike PQDVD and CUCUSoft, when I played the sample I had recorded in iTunes, there were no problems with the audio.  This could have just been a fluke, but it was still very promising.  Then I transferred the video over to my iPod and started to play it.  The same thing happened as with the non-DVD video clips I had converted with this same program - when starting to play the file, my iPod would reset itself.  Not good!  Again, maybe I was doing something wrong, or I wasn't setting something in the right way, but for a $45 program, I really don't think it should be reseting my iPod unless I really screw with the settings in a very creative way!	$45
DVDFab Express, Gold, Platinum	DVDFab Decryptor is a free program, but the same developer has made several other versions that have various other capabilities which may be useful for some people, but aren't necessary to get one's DVD video onto an iPod.  Still, if these extra features appeal to you and you can afford the price, than it might be a good option.  I chose not to try these out myself since I successfully tested the free version and can't imagine these would be that different.	$40-60

TV Playing

One other issue that I alluded to above is that you can actually take your iPod to a friend's house (or on vacation, or on a business trip, etc., etc.) and play a video for them not just on the iPod's screen, but on a TV that you hook your iPod to in the same way that you would hook your DVD player to your TV. Unfortunately the iPod can't do this "out of the box" but instead requires the purchase of an additional cable. Apple sells one for $30, although you can get it for a lot cheaper at Amazon.com  or even cheaper at Handhelditems.com and a retractable one to boot.

Because the iPod screen is so small, the standard iPod-compatible video is pretty small in resolution – 320x240 pixels. When this tiny image is then blown up to fit a much larger screen, everything gets that much fuzzier. In order to avoid this, you can convert the video in such a way that the resolution is higher, and some of the applications I've listed will actually guide you with the words "TV." However, not all programs let you do this, even if you do it yourself with customized settings.  If you convert something to a higher resolution for this type of usage, it will come at the price of added conversion time and storage space, and you won't be able to convert to just any resolution - at some point you also bump up against a limitation of what the iPod can handle, so you will never get, for example, a DVD-quality video image played from your iPod to a TV. It may look very good, and you might not even be able to tell the difference on a small TV (19" or smaller) between a video played through your iPod and one from a DVD player.  Still, for anything bigger than a 19" set,  the picture will be inferior.  And compared to a true high definition picture, forget it! If you do want to convert to higher resolutions, I would recommend taking a look at the two entries (here and here) I posted about converting with Videora. Whether you use Videora or not, these will at least give you some ideas about what issues to look for.

Final Notes

When Apple came out with the Video iPod back in late September of last year, they did it very tentatively – at least as far as video was concerned. They provided only a handful of TV series in their iTunes Music Store, and in order to make other sources of video play on the iPod, Apple would only tell you that you needed to purchase their QuickTime Pro at $30 additional charge. As you can see, in the proceeding three and a half months, a slew of new content has come out both within the iTunes Music Store and on the net in free form. In addition, many companies have been developing programs that make getting your videos onto your iPod. It's still a little confusing for the average consumer, though, but if the progress during these first few months is any indication, things should get easier and easier, sooner rather than later. In the mean time, I hope this guide has helped some of you get your mind around the various tasks, options, and concepts concerning getting video onto your iPod.

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